Do you agree that Drug testing should be a requirement for admission to schools?

http://www.iwif.com/html/about/news/Articles/04/images/We%20Conduct%20Drug%20Testing.jpg

As a student aiming for a high standard of morality and quality education, i believe that DRUG TESTING should be required among the students prior admission to schools because it is just one way on how to resolve our problems towards the rampant use of inhibitory and addictive drugs among our fellow students.. This protocol will help to determine the possible active user of this substances and at the same time we could implement ways or guidelines that will help them to stop the usage of drugs.

We are aware about the detrimental effects of this drugs in our system as well as in our society.. This will give a pleasurable moments for the user who want to escape from their problems until such time that they become drug dependent and can no longer get rid in their system. We see how these drugs became a partner in crime of the people who indulge in the criminal activity. It always polluted the mind of active user to do such harmful things.

An ideal student always know the right things and always do the appropriate things which could develop his personality and establish an ideal relationship with his fellow students. Its primary role is to be a model, educator among his co students, he should make others to be inspired and encourage them to study hard and not to teach them to use addictive drugs...

QUIZ about Quality Conrol in Hormonal assaying

Questions About Quality Control

in Hormonal Assaying

1. This is defined as the required protocol in the laboratories to ensure the proper diagnosis of the patient values and accuracy of the results?
ANS: QUALITY CONTROL
2. It is the component of Quality Assurance Program (QAP) that monitors the analytical process, detects the analytical errors during analysis and prevents the occurrence of incorrect patient values.
ANS: QUALITY CONTROL
ROL3-5. What are the three phases or factors covered by the Quality Control in the laboratory?
ANS:1. PRE ANALYTICAL 2. POST ANALYTICAL 3. ANALYTICAL

6-7. Give at least 2 Quality Control Charts that are commonly utilized in the laboratory to improve the effectiveness of the procedures.
ANS:Shewhart charts or process-behaviour charts AND cusum chart
TRUE or FALSE:

8. Quality Control is an ongoing deliberate process, planned and carried out by the Clinical Laboratories.
ANS:TRUE

9.Quality control is done by measuring the stable control material and then comparing the measured values with their expected values.
ANS:TRUE

10. Quality control is not always done because it is expensive and it is needed only if there are suspicious results occur.
ANS:FALSE
CASE analysis:

A 36 year old man complains to the physician the he always experiences recurrent Fatigue, lack of concentration, poor appetite, or troubled sleeping and decreased muscle mass. So the doctor requested for urinalysis, BUN and creatinine.

The patient is taking antibiotics such as tetracycline. His also simultaneously taking in diuretics.


Laboratory results:


Microscopic appearance:

foamy, bloody, or coffee-colored
decrease in the amount of urine
Creatinine level:3 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
BUN:50milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

1.What are the drugs that can cause to increase the creatinine levels?
2. What are the special considerations observed for this particular test?

QUality Control In Hormonal Assaying

http://www.seradex.com/images/Quality_Control_ERP.jpg

Quality Control In Hormonal Assaying

QUALITY CONTROL IN THE LABORATORY

It is one of the components of Quality Assurance Program (QAP) which is a process that covers the post analytical, analytical and pre-analytical factors in the laboratory.

One of the main significance of quality control is to monitor the analytical process, detects the analytical errors during analysis and prevent the occurrence of incorrect patient values.

It is very important to require all clinical laboratories to have a quality control to ensure all the results they release are accurate which could aid in the proper diagnosis of the disease and appropriate prescription of treatment.

Quality control is done by measuring the stable control material and then comparing the measured values with their expected values. By this we are able to determine if the results obtained are within the normal range or abnormal, and if suspicious results occur, we can verify if what causes the doubtful results whether it is a technical or systematic error.

In line with hormonal assaying, Quality Control must always be done to improve the reliablity of the results as well as estblishing the credibility of the health workers in the Clinical laboratory. It is always important to provide the patient the proper diagnosis in order to gain their trust and intensify the confidence of patients on health workers.

Reference:

Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis By Bishop et.al

My Emerging Top Ten Admirable Blogs

People as genius bloggers!!

These following blogs are just a few of the reasons why i am encouraged to exert effort and give importance to writing things that pertain to my interest.

They all deserve to be praised and to feel proud of themselves. You can really feel their passion in writing and they inspire all readers to explore all the things beyond the real and fictional world.

As i read all their works, i feel so fortunate to be part of these things because these really touched my soul and taught me a lot of things that everyone should appreciate.

So, i am happy to invite all bloggers to explore their work and experience the fun of learning things...

These are my nominees for the Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009:

1. Roy The Struggling Blogger

I can really feel his sincerity as i read all his works, He assured that his reader will get something new knowledge and learnings on his work.. And i admired how he barely shows his authentic love to his family. This blog contains everything that a reader should have...

2. Doctor Z of Zorlone

This man is a certified poet. He really knows how to express himself through poetry. He writes all the things that pertain to aa things.. As a reader you will surely appreciate the essence of poems in our life as well as a human being..

3. Jan Geronimo of WritingToExhale

This person has a very broad ideas in creating lietrary works. I wonder where he gets the courage to write all this.. Overall. He has a very creative minds and it will surely inspire all if we just let to understand the thoughts..

4. Angel Cuala of Father Blogger dot com

I admired this person for sharing his vigilant ideas that discuss about family, marriage, parenting and health concerns.. His works are very educational and always prioritize the welfare of the family.

5. Irene of LifeLots

You will learn a lot of values that every one should have.. Through her writings, you will establish something new that will enhances your perspective in life.

6. Luke of A Walk In The Dark

This person is an inborn writer... He loves to write articles and stories that will surely apprecite by the reader.. as a beginner, you will learn things that could develop our talents..

7. Holly Jahangiri of It’s all a matter of Perspective: Mine

This person shares herself through his magnificient works..

8. Bingkee of I Love/Hate America

This blog is somehow funny yet interesting because it deals more on issues about americans. Overall, Very entertaining at the same informative because Its good to know some things that new to us about america.

9. Kelvin Servigon of Kelvinonian Ideas 2.0

I love the way how he express his ideas and emotions through his creative and captivating pictures...

10. Dee of Tales From The Mom Side

This blog contain all things that pertain that to every day life.. It's quiet informative and educational for all.. Learn how to handle things that part of our daily life.

The prizes for the contest are donated by the following sponsors, thank you:

Absolute Traders, My Brute Cheats, Business Summaries, Fitness Advantage Club, Events and Corporate Video, Events at Work, Dominguez Marketing Communications, Red Mobile, Budget hotel in Makati, Lucio C. Tan Group of Companies, and Blog4Reviews.com.

I'm sure my nominees will win!

OH! My TESTOSTERONE.....

http://www.flickr.com/photos/before-reality/54169400/


Oh My Testosterone...

by. Jayson D. Zulueta


Oh! my Testosterone
You're one of the greatest hormones
I've ever known
You always keep a reason
for everyone to hold on..

It could be synthesized by men
By the interstitial cells of the testes
It could be synthesized by women
by the adrenal glands and ovaries

Oh! my Testosterone,
You give me a reason to be turned on
It tends to increase at onset of puberty,
And totally stops at the age of eighty..

This hormone aids the physician
for the early diagnosis of the patient
In male, impotency, hypogonadism may be detected.
In female, hirsutism and ovarian cancer may be suspected.

Oh my Testosterone, You're the one
which gives me a reason to go on
You're responsible for the beard and body masculinity of males.
You contribute to the enlargement of genitalia for females.

Do you know basic facts about testosterone?

Questions:

1.What is the primary sex hormone produced in males which is responsible for the development of penis and testes, growth of facial hair and deepening of voice?

TESTOSTERONE

2.Where is the site of the production for the testosterone hormone?

TESTES, OUTER PART OF THE ADRENAL GLAND(adrenal cortex) and OVARIES (small amount)

3. What is the normal value of testosterone in adult male and in adult female?

Men: 270-1070 ng/dL or 9-38nmol/L (values in elderly men diminish moderately)

Women: 15-70 ng/dL or 0.52-2.4 nmol/L

4.What are the diseases or conditions associated with the person that has high level of testosterone? Give at least three?

Adrenal neoplasms, Ovarian tumor, trophoblastic disease during pregnancy

5.What are the diseases or conditions associated with the person that has low level of testosterone? Give at least three?

HYPOGONADISM, KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME, HYPOPITUITARISM

6.How is testosterone measured in the body?

If a doctor suspects someone is not producing enough testosterone, he/she will check if the total blood testosterone level falls into the acceptable range.

The doctor also may instruct the laboratory to measure the amount of free or loosely bound testosterone (about 30 percent of the total testosterone is strongly bound to a protein called sex hormone binding globulin, known as SHBG; about 68 percent is weakly bound to another protein called albumin) and the amount of free testosterone (only about two percent circulates freely in the blood).

Blood levels of SHBG increase with age, so older men may have a higher percentage of bound testosterone and a lower percentage of free testosterone.

7.What are the treatment given to the person that has deficient in testosterone?

Testosterone deficiency can be treated by:

Intramuscular injections, generally every two or three weeks
Testosterone patch worn either on the body or on the scrotum (the sac that contains the testicles)

Testosterone gel

Mucoadhesive material applied above the teeth twice a day
hormone replacement

8.What are the causes of testosterone deficiency?

As a man ages, the amount of testosterone in his body gradually declines. This natural decline starts after age 30 and continues throughout life.

Other causes of lowered testosterone levels include:

Ø Injury or infection to the testicles

Ø Chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer

Ø Genetic abnormalities such as Klinefelter's Syndrome (extra X chromosome)

Ø Hemochromatosis (too much iron in the body)

Ø Dysfunction of the pituitary gland (a gland in the brain that produces many important hormones)

Ø Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis (a condition that causes inflammation of the lungs)

Ø Medications, especially hormones used to treat prostate cancer and corticosteroid drugs

Ø Chronic illness

Ø Chronic kidney failure

Ø Liver cirrhosis

Ø Stress

Ø Alcoholism

9.What are the differences between testosterone and bio testosterone?

Testosterone is present in the blood as "free" testosterone (2-3%) or bound testosterone. The latter may be bound to either albumin (a serum protein) or to a specific binding protein called Sex Steroid Binding Globulin (SSBG) or Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG).

The binding of testosterone to albumin is not very tight and is easily reversed; so the term bioavailable testosterone (BAT) refers to the sum of free testosterone plus albumin-bound testosterone.

10.Is Testosterone replacement safe to treat testosterone deficiency?

In general, hormone replacement therapy is safe. It is associated with some side effects, including:

Acne or oily skin

Mild fluid retention

Stimulation of prostate tissue, with perhaps some increased

urination symptoms such as a decreased stream or frequency

Breast enlargement

Case analysis:

1.A 16 year old woman upon physical examination showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The patient was subjected to undergone clinical test:

Laboratory results:

Free testosterone: 105 ng/dL
Total Testosterone: 12.5pg/m
LH:11mU/mL
Prolcatin: 3ng/mL

Questions:

1.Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?
If there is, give the normal values.

ANSWER:

Definitely the obtained results are abnormal,

Laboratory results: Interpretations: Normal Values:

TOTAL testosterone: 105 ng/dL ABNORMAL 15-70 ng/dL
FREE Testosterone: 12.5pg/m ABNORMAL 1.0-8.5pg/mL
LH:11mU/mL ABNORMAL
Prolcatin: 3ng/mL ABNORMAL


2.What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?
ANSWER:
Based on the results, The woman has an abnormally increased of testosterone level in her body that's make her showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The levels of Testosterone should be lesser in amount for woman as compared to the males because it is the primarily responsible for the male characteristics.

3.What are the possible treatment may given to the patient?
ANSWER:
ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT
Low estrogens allow the circulating androgens and testosterone to be more freely available and thus stimulate cells more. Increasing the circulating estrogen in the blood by taking estrogens will increase the proteins that bind the androgens and help decrease the effects of all androgens, whether the levels are normal or excessive.



Case analysis
2.A 26 year old male happened to visit a doctor and complaining of erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hot flashes, polyuria,night sweats and anxiety. The doctor had requested him to undergone several Clinical chemistry test:
Laboratory findings:


Free Testosterones: 200ng/dL
Total Testosterones:25pg/ml
Glucose: 250mg/dl
Urinalysis: Normal results
Sperm count: Decreased level

Questions:

1. Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?
If there is, give the normal values.

Laboratory results: Interpretations: Normal Values:

TOTAL Testosterone: 200ng/dL ABNORMAL 270-1070 ng/dL
FREE Testosterone:25pg/ml ABNORMAL 50-210 pg/mL
Glucose: 250mg/dl ABNORMAL 60-120mg/dL
Urinalysis: Normal results
Sperm count: Decreased level ABNORMAL

2. What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?

ANSWER:

Based on the laboratory findings, The Physician diagnosed hypogonadism because all the symptoms manifested by the man are all due to low testosterone level in the body. Hypoganadism is a disease may acquired due to low testosterone level.

3. What are the possible treatments that may be given to the patient?

ANSWER:

Hypogonadism is most often treated by replacement of the appropriate hormones.

For men, this is testosterone. Commonly-used testosterone formulations include transdermal testosterone, injectable testosterone, and buccal testosterone.

Oral testosterone is no longer used in the U.S. because it is broken down in the liver and rendered inactive.

REFERENCES:

Wikipedia.com
http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C621300.html
http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Questions:

1.What is the primary sex hormones produced in male's body which is responsible for the development of penis and testes, growth of facial hair and deepining of
voice?

2.Where is the site of pordution for the testosterone hormone?

3. What is the normal value of testosterone in adult male and in adult female?

4.What are the diseases or condition associated with the person that has high level of testosterones? Give atleast three?


5.What are the diseases or condition associated with the person that has low level of testosterones? Give atleast three?

6.How is the testosterone measured in the body?

7.What are the treatment given to the person that has deficient in testosterones?

8.What are the causes of testosterone defficiency?

9.What are the differences of testosterones and Bio available testosterones?

10.Is Testosterone replacement safe to treat testosterone difficiency?




Case analysis:

1.A 16 year old woman presented. A school Physical examination showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The patient was subjected to undergone clinical test:
Laboratory results:

TOTAL testosterone: 105 ng/dL
FREE Testosterone: 12.5pg/m
LH:11mU/mL
Prolcatin: 3ng/mL

Questions:
1.Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?
If there is, give the normal values.

2.What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?

3.What are the possible treatment may given to the patient?



Case analysis
2.A 26 year old male happened to visit a doctor and complaining of erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hot flashes, polyuria,night sweats and anxiety. The doctor had requested him to undergone several Clinical chemistry test:
Laboratory findings:

TOTAL Testosterones: 200ng/dL
FREE Testosterones:25pg/ml
Glucose: 250mg/dl
Urinalysis: Normal results
Sperm count: Decreased level

Questions:
1. Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?
If there is, give the normal values.

2. What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?

3. What are the possible treatment may given to the patient?

REFERENCES:

http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Testosterones

Testosterones

It is the primary androgen secreted by interstitial cells of the testes (leydig cell) in men and by adrenal glands and ovaries in women. This is also responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics. The excessive production of this hormone may lead to premature puberty in young males and for women, it may cause excessive facial and body masculinity. It also contributes to the enlargement of external genitalia, accessory organs such as the prostate gland, Voluntary muscle and to the growth of facial, pubic and axillary hair.

The testosterone synthesis begins to increase at onset of puberty and continues to progress during adulthood. And production began to decline at about age of 4o and then totally stop at the peak level of 80.

It is always present is serum as both unbound or free form and bound fractions to albumin. The level of testosterone in the body helps to asses if the patient has hypogonadism, pituitary gonadotropin function, impotency and cryptochidism.
For women it helps to diagnose ovarian tumors, hirsuitism and even irregularities in menstrual periods.

The following guidelines observed during the patient preparation:

The health care provider should able to explain the objectives in performing this Laboratory examination to the patient. They should know well the basic principles of the test and most importantly is to perform the procedure accurately and safely for the benefit of the patient.

Procedure:

Perform a venipucture and collect a serum sample in a 7ml clot-activator tube, If plasma is to be collected use a heparinized tube. Indiacte the patient' age, sex, and history of hormone.

Refence values:

NORMAL

Total Testosterone

Men: 270-1070 ng/dL or 9-38nmol/L (values in elderly men diminish moderately)

Women: 15-70 ng/dL or 0.52-2.4 nmol/L

Pregnant women:3-4 times normal

Postmenopausal women: 8-35 ng/dL or 0.3-1.2nmol/L

Children:2-20 ng/dL or 0.07-0.79nmol/L (depends on age, sex, onset of puberty)

Free testosterone

Men:50-210 pg/mL or 174-729 pmol/L

Women: 1.0-8.5pg/mL or 3.5-29.5 pmol/L

Childern:

Boys: 0.1-3.2 pg/mL or 0.3-11.1pmol/L

Girls:0.1-0.9pg/mL or 0.3-3.1pmol/L

Puberty:

Boys:1.4-156pg/mL or 4.9-541pmol/L

Girls:1.0-5.2pg/mL or 3.5-18.0 pmol/L

Clinical implications:

In males having a decreased total testosterone levels occur in the following condition:

Hypogonadism, Klinefelter's syndrome, Hypopituitarism, Orchidectomy, Hepatic cirrhosis,Down syndrome and delayed puberty

In males have a deceased free testosterone levels occur in hypogonadism and elderly in men.

In males have a increased testosterone levels occur in the following conditions:

Hyperthyrodism, Snydromes of androgen resistance, Adrenal tumors, Precocious puberty and adrenal hyperplasi in boys.

In females have a increased toatl testosterone levels are associated with the following diseases:

Adrenal neoplasms, Ovarian tumor, trophoblastic disease during pregnancy, Idiopathic hirsuitism, Hilar cell tumor.

In females have a increased free testosterone levels are associated with the following conditions:

Female hirsuitism, polycystics ovaries, virilization

Interfering factors:

Avoid hemolysis specimen

Alcoholism in males, drugs such as androgens, steroids may decreases the testosterone levels.

Estrogen theraphy increase testosterone.

References:

Fischbach, Frances, A manual of Laboratory And diagnostic test, 7th edition

Professional gude to Diagnostic tests.

http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&usg=__qREvDlXPthw2Rx9uiX54Slfos1Q=&h=828&w=1100&sz=196&hl=tl&start=12&um=1&tbnid=lPrdzsZ6_2VxOM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%2Bmolecule%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1

http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone_clip_clip_image002_0000.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone.htm&usg=__ly3wuR_ANQ2SR2OrehT3u3O-tUc=&h=316&w=365&sz=23&hl=tl&start=6&um=1&tbnid=0Gg6FbBBWDMDDM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1

testosterone

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Welcome

Hi, I'm Jayson, welcome to my blog.