Monday, June 1, 2009

Testosterones



It is the primary androgen secreted by interstitial cells of the testes (leydig cell) in men and by adrenal glands and ovaries in women. This is also responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics. The excessive production of this hormone may lead to premature puberty in young males and for women, it may cause excessive facial and body masculinity. It also contributes to the enlargement of external genitalia, accessory organs such as the prostate gland, Voluntary muscle and to the growth of facial, pubic and axillary hair.


The testosterone synthesis begins to increase at onset of puberty and continues to progress during adulthood. And production began to decline at about age of 4o and then totally stop at the peak level of 80.

It is always present is serum as both unbound or free form and bound fractions to albumin. The level of testosterone in the body helps to asses if the patient has hypogonadism, pituitary gonadotropin function, impotency and cryptochidism.
For women it helps to diagnose ovarian tumors, hirsuitism and even irregularities in menstrual periods.


The following guidelines observed during the patient preparation:
The health care provider should able to explain the objectives in performing this Laboratory examination to the patient. They should know well the basic principles of the test and most importantly is to perform the procedure accurately and safely for the benefit of the patient.



Procedure:
Perform a venipucture and collect a serum sample in a 7ml clot-activator tube, If plasma is to be collected use a heparinized tube. Indiacte the patient' age, sex, and history of hormone.


Refence values:

NORMAL
Total Testosterone
Men: 270-1070 ng/dL or 9-38nmol/L (values in elderly men diminish moderately)
Women: 15-70 ng/dL or 0.52-2.4 nmol/L
Pregnant women:3-4 times normal
Postmenopausal women: 8-35 ng/dL or 0.3-1.2nmol/L
Children:2-20 ng/dL or 0.07-0.79nmol/L (depends on age, sex, onset of puberty)
Free testosterone
Men:50-210 pg/mL or 174-729 pmol/L
Women: 1.0-8.5pg/mL or 3.5-29.5 pmol/L
Childern:
Boys: 0.1-3.2 pg/mL or 0.3-11.1pmol/L
Girls:0.1-0.9pg/mL or 0.3-3.1pmol/L
Puberty:
Boys:1.4-156pg/mL or 4.9-541pmol/L
Girls:1.0-5.2pg/mL or 3.5-18.0 pmol/L


Clinical implications:
In males having a decreased total testosterone levels occur in the following condition:
In males have a deceased free testosterone levels occur in hypogonadism and elderly in men.
In males have a increased testosterone levels occur in the following conditions:
Hyperthyrodism, Snydromes of androgen resistance, Adrenal tumors, Precocious puberty and adrenal hyperplasi in boys.
In females have a increased toatl testosterone levels are associated with the following diseases:
Adrenal neoplasms, Ovarian tumor, trophoblastic disease during pregnancy, Idiopathic hirsuitism, Hilar cell tumor.
In females have a increased free testosterone levels are associated with the following conditions:
Female hirsuitism, polycystics ovaries, virilization


Interfering factors:
Avoid hemolysis specimen
Alcoholism in males, drugs such as androgens, steroids may decreases the testosterone levels.
Estrogen theraphy increase testosterone.


References:
Fischbach, Frances, A manual of Laboratory And diagnostic test, 7th edition
Professional gude to Diagnostic tests.

14 comments:

  1. Good points:

    1. The post is not copy pasted from the internet.
    2. The creation of links gives your post additional sources of information.


    Some suggestions:

    1. Change your color to a lighter shade.
    2. Create spaces in between paragraphs.
    4. Do not overuse links.
    5. Add some pictures from non-copyrightted sources.
    6. Complete your about me page.
    7. Accomplish your blog roll and include all blogs in CC.

    I hope to see the suggestions adapted. Thanks.

    ReplyDelete
  2. And make sure, you also don't copy verbatim, the text from the books.

    ReplyDelete
  3. hello zulu. your topic suits you! haha. your post is awesome! keep it up! looking forward to your next post. comment back.:)


    ♥XOXO.

    ReplyDelete
  4. hello zulu. your topic suits you! haha. your post is awesome! keep it up! looking forward to your next post. comment back.:)

    ReplyDelete
  5. That should be "copyrighted". What about pics?

    ReplyDelete
  6. Jayson, nice post. You know what? Posting articles like this could greatly enhance your understanding of the subject matter. Afterall, you have to study your topic well before you can even write about it, right? So keep on posting and keep on learning. ;)

    -Luke

    ReplyDelete
  7. Well done!

    This is another excellent post.

    Color and background, fonts, spacing and paragraph - these are a few of the things that make a post good, most of all it's content. You nailed it!

    Overall: Excellent

    Zorlone

    ReplyDelete
  8. Your post is very informative.
    excellent job.
    You also have the potential for teaching.
    keep it up...=)

    ReplyDelete
  9. simple but full of thoughts! your references again were too long.

    ReplyDelete
  10. the other picture was a bit too hazy,
    maybe you could add more pics.
    but good post.

    ReplyDelete
  11. very informative post you can add the procedure/ method for
    the identification of testosterone in the body. but overall good job. keep it up

    ReplyDelete
  12. hi jayson,,. good post, your post ic very informative that can help researchers,,. keep it up..,

    ReplyDelete