tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824978015284148332024-03-19T04:56:07.427-07:00Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes 27ZULUpaxJayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-39222187865964815932009-09-08T21:43:00.000-07:002009-09-08T22:49:51.698-07:00Do you agree that Drug testing should be a requirement for admission to schools?<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPhSaTuHvXRBBJcpNQHb0LF2wgMmV8zxPFQgBE5x9mdf_pDixK-1xF4Cu01NRfsO75IoojzbAB32OmdMf-3RyOLppT13Ogoc7uYZWQAxbM2rCfSGnPPyVsvBUnRMcb6EOK98BTA8ZUohvy/s1600-h/drugtesting.bmp"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5379339892277964594" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 101px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 182px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPhSaTuHvXRBBJcpNQHb0LF2wgMmV8zxPFQgBE5x9mdf_pDixK-1xF4Cu01NRfsO75IoojzbAB32OmdMf-3RyOLppT13Ogoc7uYZWQAxbM2rCfSGnPPyVsvBUnRMcb6EOK98BTA8ZUohvy/s320/drugtesting.bmp" border="0" /></a> <a href="http://www.iwif.com/html/about/news/Articles/04/images/We%20Conduct%20Drug%20Testing.jpg">http://www.iwif.com/html/about/news/Articles/04/images/We%20Conduct%20Drug%20Testing.jpg</a></div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"><br /></div><div align="justify">As a student aiming for a high standard of morality and quality education, i believe that DRUG TESTING should be required among the students prior admission to schools because it is just one way on how to resolve our problems towards the rampant use of inhibitory and addictive drugs among our fellow students.. This protocol will help to determine the possible active user of this substances and at the same time we could implement ways or guidelines that will help them to stop the usage of drugs.</div><div align="justify"><br /></div><div align="justify">We are aware about the detrimental effects of this drugs in our system as well as in our society.. This will give a pleasurable moments for the user who want to escape from their problems until such time that they become drug dependent and can no longer get rid in their system. We see how these drugs became a partner in crime of the people who indulge in the criminal activity. It always polluted the mind of active user to do such harmful things. </div><div align="justify"><br />An ideal student always know the right things and always do the appropriate things which could develop his personality and establish an ideal relationship with his fellow students. Its primary role is to be a model, educator among his co students, he should make others to be inspired and encourage them to study hard and not to teach them to use addictive drugs... </div>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-43578506476798038372009-08-25T19:06:00.000-07:002009-09-08T21:26:18.191-07:00QUIZ about Quality Conrol in Hormonal assaying<div align="center"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255);font-size:130%;" ><em><strong>Questions About Quality Control </strong></em></span></div><br /><div align="center"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255);font-size:130%;" ><em><strong>in Hormonal Assaying</strong></em></span></div><p><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"></span><br /><br />1. This is defined as the required protocol in the laboratories to ensure the proper diagnosis of the patient values and accuracy of the results?<br /><strong>ANS: QUALITY CONTROL<br /></strong>2. It is the component of Quality Assurance Program (QAP) that monitors the analytical process, detects the analytical errors during analysis and prevents the occurrence of incorrect patient values.<br /><strong>ANS: QUALITY CONTROL</strong><br />ROL3-5. What are the three phases or factors covered by the Quality Control in the laboratory?<br /><strong>ANS:1. PRE ANALYTICAL 2. POST ANALYTICAL 3. ANALYTICAL</strong></p><p><br />6-7. Give at least 2 Quality Control Charts that are commonly utilized in the laboratory to improve the effectiveness of the procedures.<br />ANS:Shewhart charts or process-behaviour charts AND cusum chart<br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">TRUE or FALSE:</span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"></span><br />8. Quality Control is an ongoing deliberate process, planned and carried out by the Clinical Laboratories.<br /><strong>ANS:TRUE<br /></strong><br />9.Quality control is done by measuring the stable control material and then comparing the measured values with their expected values.<br /><strong>ANS:TRUE</strong></p><p><br />10. Quality control is not always done because it is expensive and it is needed only if there are suspicious results occur.<br />ANS:FALSE<br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">CASE analysis:</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">A 36 year old man complains to the physician the he always experiences recurrent Fatigue, lack of concentration, poor appetite, or troubled sleeping and decreased muscle mass. So the doctor requested for urinalysis, BUN and creatinine.</span></strong><br /><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">The patient is taking antibiotics such as tetracycline. His also simultaneously taking in diuretics.</span></strong><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)">Laboratory results:</span></strong><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"></span></strong><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)"><strong>Microscopic appearance:<br /><br /></strong>foamy, bloody, or coffee-colored<br />decrease in the amount of urine<br />Creatinine level:3 </span><a onclick="return sl(this,'hw','embd-lnk');" href="http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/milligrams-per-deciliter-mgdl"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)</span></a><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)"><br />BUN:50milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)<br /></span><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)">1.What are the drugs that can cause to increase the creatinine levels?<br />2. What are the special considerations observed for this particular test?</span><br /></p><strong><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51)"></span></strong>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-69372910368424564222009-08-18T05:13:00.000-07:002009-08-25T20:28:57.130-07:00QUality Control In Hormonal Assaying<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDmTGgDL5ix-fGfJE7tISJxSmOX5AV2oV5lcyZb9ezWlzqIUKoP06n7hcnwHHQOdq_5nnpoyDMW3-TlnI1aILlz8vxS-Vx0UumuPXGoY5KgwWs3smYiFXQr3GKx0EAycTqUYalk_GikIOx/s1600-h/Quality_Control_ERP.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5371285571743876946" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 173px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 258px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDmTGgDL5ix-fGfJE7tISJxSmOX5AV2oV5lcyZb9ezWlzqIUKoP06n7hcnwHHQOdq_5nnpoyDMW3-TlnI1aILlz8vxS-Vx0UumuPXGoY5KgwWs3smYiFXQr3GKx0EAycTqUYalk_GikIOx/s320/Quality_Control_ERP.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="http://www.seradex.com/images/Quality_Control_ERP.jpg">http://www.seradex.com/images/Quality_Control_ERP.jpg</a><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255);font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;" ><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><br /><br style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,153)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,153);font-size:180%;" >Quality Control In Hormonal Assaying<br /></span></span></span></div><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><em>QUALITY CONTROL IN THE LABORATORY<br /></em></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><em></em></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="justify"><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <br /><br /> It is one of the components of Quality Assurance Program (QAP) which is a process that covers the post analytical, analytical and pre-analytical factors in the laboratory. </div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">One of the main significance of quality control is to monitor the analytical process, detects the analytical errors during analysis and prevent the occurrence of incorrect patient values.<br /><br /> It is very important to require all clinical laboratories to have a quality control to ensure all the results they release are accurate which could aid in the proper diagnosis of the disease and appropriate prescription of treatment.<br /><br /> Quality control is done by measuring the stable control material and then comparing the measured values with their expected values. By this we are able to determine if the results obtained are within the normal range or abnormal, and if suspicious results occur, we can verify if what causes the doubtful results whether it is a technical or systematic error.<br /><br /> In line with hormonal assaying, Quality Control must always be done to improve the reliablity of the results as well as estblishing the credibility of the health workers in the Clinical laboratory. It is always important to provide the patient the proper diagnosis in order to gain their trust and intensify the confidence of patients on health workers.<br /><br /></div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255);font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;" ><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></span><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255);font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;" ><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></span><span style="color:#3333ff;">Reference:</span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify">Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis By Bishop et.al<br /><br /></div><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255);font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;" ><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></span><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,102,255);font-family:lucida grande;font-size:130%;" ><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><br /><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"></div></div>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-44838419241492953552009-07-28T23:15:00.000-07:002009-08-12T01:38:03.635-07:00My Emerging Top Ten Admirable Blogs<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><em></em></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><em>People as genius <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">bloggers</span>!! </em></span><br /><br />These following blogs are just a few of the reasons why i am encouraged to exert effort and give importance to writing things that pertain to my interest.<br /><br />They all deserve to be praised and to feel proud of themselves. You can really feel their passion in writing and they inspire all readers to explore all the things beyond the real and fictional world.<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmjiYFV7qoq2uvOr0wTBujxxaNtc03wS1TjeOK5y4hx4XgwT_dL97MhiWYOVxfIrCzMj9ly0Mw-OliBiShEsw07odqMLHF49uWQl4Qvyh0PPNWOzdmt-ImkHBnfPQihQeTH_ukVAlSKng6/s1600-h/influential-blogger-header(2).gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5364564034084232594" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right; width: 320px; height: 111px;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmjiYFV7qoq2uvOr0wTBujxxaNtc03wS1TjeOK5y4hx4XgwT_dL97MhiWYOVxfIrCzMj9ly0Mw-OliBiShEsw07odqMLHF49uWQl4Qvyh0PPNWOzdmt-ImkHBnfPQihQeTH_ukVAlSKng6/s320/influential-blogger-header(2).gif" border="0" /></a><br />As i read all their works, i feel so fortunate to be part of these things because these really touched my soul and taught me a lot of things that everyone should appreciate.<br /><br />So, i am happy to invite all <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">bloggers</span> to explore their work and experience the fun of learning things...<br /><br />These are my nominees for the <a href="http://www.influentialblogger.net/2009/05/join-top-10-emerging-influential-blogs.html">Top 10 Emerging Influential Blogs of 2009:</a><br /><br />1. Roy <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://thestrugglingblogger.168center.com/">The Struggling Blogger</a><br /><br /> I can really feel his sincerity as i read all his works, He assured that his reader will get something new knowledge and <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">learnings</span> on his work.. And i admired how he barely shows his authentic love to his family. This blog contains everything that a reader <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">should</span> have...<br /><br />2. Doctor Z of <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"></span><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://zorlone.blogspot.com/"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">Zorlone</span></a><br /><br /> This man is a certified poet. He really knows how to express himself through poetry. He writes all the things that <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">pertain</span> to aa things.. As a reader you will surely appreciate the essence of poems in our life as well as a human being..<br /><br />3. Jan Geronimo of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://writingtoexhale.com/"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">WritingToExhale</span></a><br /><br /> This person has a very broad ideas in creating lietrary works. I wonder where he gets the courage to write all this.. Overall. He has a very creative minds and it will surely inspire all if we just let to understand the thoughts..<br /><br />4. Angel <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">Cuala</span> of<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://fatherblogger.com/">Father Blogger dot com</a><br /><br /> I admired this person for sharing his vigilant ideas that <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">discuss</span> </span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">a</span>bout family, marriage, parenting and health concerns.. His works are very educational and always prioritize the welfare of the family.<br /><br />5. Irene of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://lifelots.blogspot.com/"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">LifeLots</span></a><br /><br /> You will learn a lot of values that every one should have.. Through her writings, you will establish something new that will enhances your perspective in life.<br /><br />6. Luke of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://darkestshade.blogspot.com/">A Walk In The Dark</a><br /><br /> This person is an inborn writer... He loves to write articles and stories that will surely apprecite by the reader.. as a beginner, you will learn things that could develop our talents..<br /><br />7. Holly <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">Jahangiri</span> of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://www.jahangiri.us/net/">It’s all a matter of Perspective: Mine</a><br /><br /> This person shares herself through his magnificient works..<br /><br />8. <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">Bingkee</span> of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://www.ilovehateamerica.com/">I Love/Hate America</a><br /><br /> This blog is somehow funny yet interesting because it deals more on issues about americans. Overall, Very entertaining at the same informative because Its good to know some things that new to us about america.<br /><br />9. Kelvin <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12">Servigon</span> of<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> </span><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://kelvinonian.com/"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13">Kelvinonian</span> Ideas 2.0</a><br /><br />I love the way how he express his ideas and emotions through his creative and captivating pictures...<br /><br />10. Dee of <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" href="http://www.talesfromthemomside.com/">Tales From The Mom Side</a><br /><br /> This blog contain all things that pertain that to every day life.. It's quiet informative and educational for all.. Learn how to handle things that part of our daily life.<br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><em>The prizes for the contest are donated by the following sponsors, thank you:</em></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.absolutetraders.com/" modo="false">Absolute Traders</a>, <a href="http://www.mybrutecheats.com/" modo="false">My Brute Cheats</a>, <a href="http://www.bizsum.com/">Business Summaries</a>, <a href="http://www.fitandthecity.com/">Fitness Advantage Club</a>, <a href="http://buddygancenia.com/blog/?page_id=67" modo="false">Events and Corporate Video</a>, <a href="http://www.eventsatwork.com/" modo="false">Events at Work</a>, <a href="http://www.dominguez.com.ph/" modo="false">Dominguez Marketing Communications</a>, <a href="http://www.redmobile.com/" modo="false">Red Mobile</a>, <a href="http://www.jupitersuites.com.ph/" modo="false">Budget hotel in <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14">Makati</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ltgroupphils.com/" modo="false">Lucio C. Tan Group of Companies</a>, and <a href="http://www.blog4reviews.com/" modo="false">Blog4Reviews.com</a>.<br /><br />I'm sure my nominees will win!Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-41896215967989898162009-07-13T22:41:00.000-07:002009-07-31T03:12:40.924-07:00OH! My TESTOSTERONE.....<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DMUSCLE%2BMAN%26b%3D21%26ni%3D20%26ei%3DUTF-8%26pstart%3D1%26fr%3Dyfp-t-501&w=500&h=362&imgurl=static.flickr.com%2F31%2F54169400_271a7ec975.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fbefore-reality%2F54169400%2F&size=68k&name=no+title&p=MUSCLE+MAN&oid=614c595003ad880e&fr2=&fusr=Before+Reali...&no=38&tt=64955&b=21&ni=20&sigr=11lqrqvnk&sigi=11cesn5e0&sigb=133irnndv"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5358191985618814306" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 275px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 193px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbp-YTw9ku_e6DOjIoKj1MYvGXwifpo7DoElXpH4J3MEDpxF3Yi_QcHzvInD04NCjbdJ266FOZIveth9D-5TRsfX7TaJ3SmH51UmCGYQhYeA43yqedx4gczBv4eJxxjS4jEbg0L_TUj5Y6/s320/muscleman.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,0);font-size:78%;" ><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/before-reality/54169400/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/before-reality/54169400/</a></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="COLOR: rgb(102,102,102);font-size:78%;" ><br /></span><br /></span></span></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255);font-size:180%;" ><br /><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Oh My Testosterone...</span></span><br /><br /><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(204,0,0)">by. Jayson D. Zulueta</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153);font-size:130%;" >Oh! my<span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> <span style="font-size:180%;">Testosterone</span></span><span style="font-size:180%;"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,0,153);font-size:130%;" ><br />You're one of the greatest hormones<br />I've ever known<br />You always keep a reason<br />for everyone to hold on..<br /><br />It could be synthesized by men<br />By the interstitial cells of the testes<br />It could be synthesized by women<br />by the adrenal glands and ovaries<br /><br />Oh! my <span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Testosterone</span></span>,<br />You give me a reason to be turned on<br />It tends to increase at onset of puberty,<br />And totally stops at the age of eighty..<br /><br />This hormone aids the physician<br />for the early diagnosis of the patient<br />In male, impotency, hypogonadism may be detected.<br />In female, hirsutism and ovarian cancer may be suspected.<br /><br />Oh my <span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Testosterone</span></span>, You're the one<br />which gives me a reason to go on<br />You're responsible for the beard and body masculinity of males.<br />You contribute to the enlargement of genitalia for females.</span></div>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-29018871248911101172009-06-29T02:05:00.000-07:002009-07-21T19:37:08.637-07:00Do you know basic facts about testosterone?<p><strong style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Questions:</strong><br /><br />1.What is the primary sex hormone produced in males which is responsible for the development of penis and testes, growth of facial hair and deepening of voice?</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">TESTOSTERONE</span><br /></p><p>2.Where is the site of the production for the testosterone hormone?</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">TESTES, OUTER PART OF THE ADRENAL GLAND(adrenal cortex) and OVARIES (small amount)</span><br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Geneva;font-size:7;" ></span></span><br />3. What is the normal value of testosterone in adult male and in adult female?</p><div style="font-weight: bold;" align="justify">Men: 270-1070 ng/dL or 9-38nmol/L (values in elderly men diminish moderately)</div><div style="font-weight: bold;" align="justify">Women: 15-70 ng/dL or 0.52-2.4 nmol/L</div><p><br />4.What are the diseases or conditions associated with the person that has high level of testosterone? Give at least three?</p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Adrenal neoplasms, Ovarian tumor, trophoblastic disease during pregnancy</span><p>5.What are the diseases or conditions associated with the person that has low level of testosterone? Give at least three?</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">HYPOGONADISM, KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME, HYPOPITUITARISM</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></p>6.How is testosterone measured in the body?<br /><br /><span style="">If a doctor suspects someone is not producing enough testosterone, he/she will check if the total blood testosterone level falls into the acceptable range.<br /><br />The doctor also may instruct the laboratory to measure the amount of free or loosely bound testosterone (about 30 percent of the total testosterone is strongly bound to a protein called sex hormone binding globulin, known as SHBG; about 68 percent is weakly bound to another protein called albumin) and the amount of free testosterone (only about two percent circulates freely in the blood).<br /><br />Blood levels of SHBG increase with age, so older men may have a higher percentage of bound testosterone and a lower percentage of free testosterone.</span><br /><br />7.What are the treatment given to the person that has deficient in testosterone?<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Testosterone deficiency can be treated by:</span><br /><br /><span style=""> Intramuscular injections, generally every two or three weeks<br />Testosterone patch worn either on the body or on the scrotum (the sac that contains the testicles)<br /><br />Testosterone gel<br /><br />Mucoadhesive material applied above the teeth twice a day<br />hormone replacement</span><span style=""></span><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> </span>8.What are the causes of testosterone deficiency?</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="">As a man ages, the amount of testosterone in his body gradually declines. This natural decline starts after age 30 and continues throughout life.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;"><span style="">Other causes of lowered testosterone levels include:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-weight: bold;">Injury or infection to the testicles</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Genetic abnormalities such as Klinefelter's Syndrome (extra X chromosome)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Hemochromatosis (too much iron in the body)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Dysfunction of the pituitary gland (a gland in the brain that produces many important hormones)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis (a condition that causes inflammation of the lungs)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Medications, especially hormones used to treat prostate cancer and corticosteroid drugs</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Chronic illness</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Chronic kidney failure</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Liver cirrhosis</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Stress</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; font-weight: bold;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:Wingdings;">Ø<span style=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="">Alcoholism</span></p><br />9.What are the differences between testosterone and bio testosterone?<br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Testosterone is present in the blood as "free" testosterone (2-3%) or bound testosterone. The latter may be bound to either albumin (a serum protein) or to a specific binding protein called Sex Steroid Binding Globulin (SSBG) or Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG).<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The binding of testosterone to albumin is not very tight and is easily reversed; so the term bioavailable testosterone (BAT) refers to the sum of free testosterone plus albumin-bound testosterone. </span><span style="font-size:11;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> 10.Is Testosterone replacement safe to treat testosterone deficiency?<br /><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="font-size:11;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><span style="">In general, hormone replacement therapy is safe. It is associated with some side effects, including:</span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="">Acne or oily skin</span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="">Mild fluid retention</span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="">Stimulation of prostate tissue, with perhaps some increased<br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="">urination symptoms such as a decreased stream or frequency</span></b></p><p class="MsoBodyText2"><b><span style="">Breast enlargement<br /><br /></span></b></p><strong>Case analysis:<br /></strong><br />1.A 16 year old woman upon physical examination showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The patient was subjected to undergone clinical test:<br /><br />Laboratory results:<br /><br />Free testosterone: 105 ng/dL<br />Total Testosterone: 12.5pg/m<br />LH:11mU/mL<br />Prolcatin: 3ng/mL<br /><br />Questions:<br /><br />1.Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?<br />If there is, give the normal values.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSWER:<br /><br /></span>Definitely the obtained results are abnormal,<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Laboratory results: Interpretations: Normal Values:</span><br /><br />TOTAL testosterone: 105 ng/dL <span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">15-70 ng/dL</span><br />FREE Testosterone: 12.5pg/m <span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL 1.0-8.5pg/mL</span><br />LH:11mU/mL <span style="font-weight: bold;"> ABNORMAL </span><br />Prolcatin: 3ng/mL <span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br />2.What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSWER:</span><br />Based on the results, The woman has an abnormally increased of testosterone level in her body that's make her showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The levels of Testosterone should be lesser in amount for woman as compared to the males because it is the primarily responsible for the male characteristics.<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br />3.What are the possible treatment may given to the patient?<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSWER:<br />ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT<br /></span><span style="">Low estrogens allow the circulating androgens and testosterone<a href="http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C621300.html#G762"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none;"></span></a> to be more freely available and thus stimulate cells more. Increasing the circulating estrogen in the blood by taking estrogens will increase the proteins that bind the androgens and help decrease the effects of all androgens, whether the levels are normal or excessive.</span><br /><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ></span><br /><br /><br /><strong><em>Case analysis</em></strong><br />2.A 26 year old male happened to visit a doctor and complaining of erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hot flashes, polyuria,night sweats and anxiety. The doctor had requested him to undergone several Clinical chemistry test:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Laboratory findings:</span><br /><br /><br />Free Testosterones: 200ng/dL<br />Total Testosterones:25pg/ml<br />Glucose: 250mg/dl<br />Urinalysis: Normal results<br />Sperm count: Decreased level<br /><br />Questions:<br /><br />1. Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?<br />If there is, give the normal values.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Laboratory results: In</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">terpretations: Normal Values:</span><br /><br />TOTAL Testosterone: 200ng/dL <span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL 270-1070 ng/dL</span><br />FREE Testosterone:25pg/ml <span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL 50-210 pg/mL</span><br />Glucose: 250mg/dl <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;"> 60-120mg/dL</span><br />Urinalysis: <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Normal results</span><br />Sperm count: Decreased level <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">ABNORMAL</span><br /><br />2. What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSWER:<br /><br /> </span>Based on the laboratory findings, The Physician diagnosed hypogonadism because all the symptoms manifested by the man are all due to low testosterone level in the body. Hypoganadism is a disease may acquired due to low testosterone level.<br /><br />3. What are the possible treatments that may be given to the patient?<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">ANSWER:</span><span style=""><br /><br />Hypogonadism is most often treated by replacement of the appropriate hormones.<br /><br />For men, this is testosterone. Commonly-used testosterone formulations include transdermal testosterone, injectable testosterone, and buccal testosterone.<br /><br />Oral testosterone is no longer used in the U.S. because it is broken down in the liver and rendered inactive.</span><br /><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism"></a><p>REFERENCES:</p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogonadism">Wikipedia.com</a><br />http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C621300.html<br /><a href="http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1">http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1</a>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-89137576948474984672009-06-16T21:05:00.000-07:002009-06-29T03:23:53.181-07:00<p align="left"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh38MYdJiKU27mhJfihAvOtA0kZDk-9dq_vBdSStrVMdUi3l2B41ndYg1WCNnyhr_qJNQK-72dxkS_5lB0dD6F0K37zTeYGfSR9sSkyJSxecrXVjxnL-jIbaH9wVnwpwKl3yNLr4g2Oix7m/s1600-h/images.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348156980980114338" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 258px; height: 159px; text-align: center;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh38MYdJiKU27mhJfihAvOtA0kZDk-9dq_vBdSStrVMdUi3l2B41ndYg1WCNnyhr_qJNQK-72dxkS_5lB0dD6F0K37zTeYGfSR9sSkyJSxecrXVjxnL-jIbaH9wVnwpwKl3yNLr4g2Oix7m/s320/images.jpg" border="0" /></a></p><p><br /><br /><strong></strong><br /><br /><br /><strong></strong><br /><br /><br /><strong>Questions:</strong><br /><br />1.What is the primary sex hormones produced in male's body which is responsible for the development of penis and testes, growth of facial hair and deepining of<br />voice?<br /><br />2.Where is the site of pordution for the testosterone hormone?<br /><br />3. What is the normal value of testosterone in adult male and in adult female?<br /><br />4.What are the diseases or condition associated with the person that has high level of testosterones? Give atleast three?<br /><br /><br />5.What are the diseases or condition associated with the person that has low level of testosterones? Give atleast three?<br /><br />6.How is the testosterone measured in the body?<br /><br />7.What are the treatment given to the person that has deficient in testosterones?<br /><br />8.What are the causes of testosterone defficiency?<br /><br />9.What are the differences of testosterones and Bio available testosterones?<br /><br />10.Is Testosterone replacement safe to treat testosterone difficiency?<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong>Case analysis:<br /></strong><br />1.A 16 year old woman presented. A school Physical examination showed excessive growth of axillary and pubic hair than her peers; enlargement of external genitalia and deepening of voice. The patient was subjected to undergone clinical test:<br />Laboratory results:<br /><br />TOTAL testosterone: 105 ng/dL<br />FREE Testosterone: 12.5pg/m<br />LH:11mU/mL<br />Prolcatin: 3ng/mL<br /><br />Questions:<br />1.Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?<br />If there is, give the normal values.<br /><br />2.What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?<br /><br />3.What are the possible treatment may given to the patient?<br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><em>Case analysis</em></strong><br />2.A 26 year old male happened to visit a doctor and complaining of erectile dysfunction, fatigue, hot flashes, polyuria,night sweats and anxiety. The doctor had requested him to undergone several Clinical chemistry test:<br />Laboratory findings:<br /><br />TOTAL Testosterones: 200ng/dL<br />FREE Testosterones:25pg/ml<br />Glucose: 250mg/dl<br />Urinalysis: Normal results<br />Sperm count: Decreased level<br /><br />Questions:<br />1. Is there any abnormal results obtained in the Laboratory results?<br />If there is, give the normal values.<br /><br />2. What is the diagnosis of the doctor based on the laboratory findings?<br /><br />3. What are the possible treatment may given to the patient? </p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>REFERENCES:</p><p><a href="http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1">http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/images/exam_boy_icon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newbeacon.org.uk/boys-exam_results.htm&usg=__sfG0bcYYuq7zZa1aQcrNR0gDhMo=&h=90&w=92&sz=10&hl=tl&start=15&um=1&tbnid=6Iwym6u8vfTNXM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1</a></p><p><a href="http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.revise4finals.co.uk/images/icon-exam.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.revise4finals.co.uk/&usg=__YmORxLWEXRliUwIUciUl484Vf60=&h=75&w=75&sz=6&hl=tl&start=14&um=1&tbnid=3TKUmYWWvktzdM:&tbnh=71&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dexam%2Bicon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1"></a></p>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-27345866264730595572009-06-01T03:18:00.000-07:002009-06-16T22:34:58.891-07:00Testosterones<div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span class="blsp-spelling-error"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone">Testosterones</a></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"></span></strong></div><div align="center"><strong></strong></div><div align="center"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism"></a></div><div align="justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism"></a></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBgQ1FQgiWYA8GCg5EjZznROscYWLZaQu9X2RDteexXHG1UM-5JxrVPR4j9m79JPd1tOoFzITrX_vtBYvFH3egB1GVToFkVOLsGSmfsMkHzEf9yQzfzB_lZhjpZE_1JybsOApyf7fwe6tw/s1600-h/image26.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348163035272298754" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 219px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 185px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBgQ1FQgiWYA8GCg5EjZznROscYWLZaQu9X2RDteexXHG1UM-5JxrVPR4j9m79JPd1tOoFzITrX_vtBYvFH3egB1GVToFkVOLsGSmfsMkHzEf9yQzfzB_lZhjpZE_1JybsOApyf7fwe6tw/s320/image26.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />It is the primary androgen secreted by <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRo6lwWWHRbqbjezAIdXHflftEo8VInblDoQdhqShu7xs5u4LRvOCjb-q8mxx5iJPSMjUZCqmFftSPTf0YyLft7U355o1n5yV-nONXuuu3kds-CuCgOR0wNpJqwS7oM0PtSOpCKDOMBlK/s1600-h/image23.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348163661812066354" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 192px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 274px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRo6lwWWHRbqbjezAIdXHflftEo8VInblDoQdhqShu7xs5u4LRvOCjb-q8mxx5iJPSMjUZCqmFftSPTf0YyLft7U355o1n5yV-nONXuuu3kds-CuCgOR0wNpJqwS7oM0PtSOpCKDOMBlK/s320/image23.jpg" border="0" /></a>interstitial cells of the testes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cells">(<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">leydig</span> cell) </a>in men and by adrenal glands and ovaries in women. This is also responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics. The excessive production of this hormone may lead to premature puberty in young males and for women, it may cause excessive facial and body masculinity. It also contributes to the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">enlargement</span> of external genitalia, <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">accessory</span> organs such as the prostate gland, Voluntary muscle and to the growth of facial, pubic and axillary hair.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br /><br />The testosterone synthesis begins to increase at onset of <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">puberty</span> and continues to progress during adulthood. And production began to decline at about age of 4o and then totally stop at the peak level of 80. </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br />It is always present is serum as both unbound or free form and bound fractions to albumin. The level of <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">testosterone</span> in the body helps to asses if the patient has<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogonadism"> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">hypogonadism</span></a>, pituitary <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">gonadotropin</span> function, impotency and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptorchidism"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">cryptochidism</span></a>.<br />For women it helps to diagnose ovarian tumors, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">hirsuitism</span> </a>and even irregularities in menstrual periods.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong><br /><br />The following guidelines observed during the patient preparation: </strong></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">The <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">health care</span> provider should able to explain the objectives in performing this Laboratory examination to the patient. They should know well the basic principles of the test and most importantly is to perform the procedure accurately and safely for the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">benefit</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12">of</span> the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13">patient</span>.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><strong><div align="justify"><br /><br /><br />Procedure: </div><div align="justify"></strong></div><div align="justify">Perform a venipucture and collect a serum sample in a 7ml clot-activator tube, If plasma is to be collected use a heparinized tube. Indiacte the patient' age, sex, and history of hormone.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong><br /><br />Refence values:</strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><br />NORMAL</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Total Testosterone</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Men: 270-1070 ng/dL or 9-38nmol/L (values in elderly men diminish moderately)</div><div align="justify">Women: 15-70 ng/dL or 0.52-2.4 nmol/L</div><div align="justify">Pregnant women:3-4 times normal</div><div align="justify">Postmenopausal women: 8-35 ng/dL or 0.3-1.2nmol/L</div><div align="justify">Children:2-20 ng/dL or 0.07-0.79nmol/L (depends on age, sex, onset of puberty)</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Free testosterone</div><div align="justify">Men:50-210 pg/mL or 174-729 pmol/L</div><div align="justify">Women: 1.0-8.5pg/mL or 3.5-29.5 pmol/L</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Childern:</div><div align="justify">Boys: 0.1-3.2 pg/mL or 0.3-11.1pmol/L</div><div align="justify">Girls:0.1-0.9pg/mL or 0.3-3.1pmol/L</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Puberty: </div><div align="justify">Boys:1.4-156pg/mL or 4.9-541pmol/L</div><div align="justify">Girls:1.0-5.2pg/mL or 3.5-18.0 pmol/L</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><strong><div align="justify"><br /><br />Clinical implications:</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></strong></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">In males having a decreased total testosterone levels occur in the following condition:</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogonadism">Hypogonadism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinefelter">Klinefelter's syndrome</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopituitarism">Hypopituitarism</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidectomy">Orchidectomy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis">Hepatic cirrhosis</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_syndrome">Down syndrome </a>and delayed puberty</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">In males have a deceased free testosterone levels occur in hypogonadism and elderly in men.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">In males have a increased testosterone levels occur in the following conditions:</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyrodism</a>, Snydromes of androgen resistance, Adrenal tumors, Precocious puberty and adrenal hyperplasi in boys.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">In females have a increased toatl testosterone levels are associated with the following diseases:</div><div align="justify">Adrenal neoplasms, Ovarian tumor, trophoblastic disease during pregnancy, Idiopathic hirsuitism, Hilar cell tumor.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">In females have a increased free testosterone levels are associated with the following conditions:</div><div align="justify">Female hirsuitism, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome">polycystics ovaries</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilization">virilization</a></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong><br /><br />Interfering factors:</strong></div><div align="justify">Avoid hemolysis specimen </div><div align="justify">Alcoholism in males, drugs such as androgens, steroids may decreases the testosterone levels.</div><div align="justify">Estrogen theraphy increase testosterone.</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong></strong></div><div align="justify"><strong><br /><br />References:</strong></div><div align="justify">Fischbach, Frances, A manual of Laboratory And diagnostic test, 7th edition </div><div align="justify">Professional gude to Diagnostic tests.</div><div align="justify"><a href="http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&usg=__qREvDlXPthw2Rx9uiX54Slfos1Q=&h=828&w=1100&sz=196&hl=tl&start=12&um=1&tbnid=lPrdzsZ6_2VxOM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%2Bmolecule%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1">http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Testosterone-from-xtal-3D-balls.png&usg=__qREvDlXPthw2Rx9uiX54Slfos1Q=&h=828&w=1100&sz=196&hl=tl&start=12&um=1&tbnid=lPrdzsZ6_2VxOM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%2Bmolecule%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1</a></div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"><a href="http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone_clip_clip_image002_0000.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone.htm&usg=__ly3wuR_ANQ2SR2OrehT3u3O-tUc=&h=316&w=365&sz=23&hl=tl&start=6&um=1&tbnid=0Gg6FbBBWDMDDM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1">http://images.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone_clip_clip_image002_0000.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.matteolongobardi.com/general_info/testosterone.htm&usg=__ly3wuR_ANQ2SR2OrehT3u3O-tUc=&h=316&w=365&sz=23&hl=tl&start=6&um=1&tbnid=0Gg6FbBBWDMDDM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtestosterones%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dtl%26um%3D1</a></div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-20650403261974974562009-05-26T21:29:00.000-07:002009-05-26T21:30:45.587-07:00testosterone<a href="http://wwwclinchemexplorer.blogspot.com/">HOLD</a>Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-882497801528414833.post-73131523349187826482009-05-26T01:48:00.000-07:002009-05-26T01:49:18.710-07:00WelcomeHi, I'm <strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Jayson,</span></strong> welcome to my blog.Jayson Zulupaxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251678129656216717noreply@blogger.com0